How  ist s our immune system structured: 

The immune system (from the Latin word "immunis" meaning free, pure) is the biological defense system that prevents tissue damages from pathogens. It removes bacteria, viruses fungi, parasites, foreign substances, and is capable of destroying degenerate cells (cancer cells) that have entered the body. The immune system is a complex network of various organs, cell types, and molecules.

Innate immune defense:It originated very early in human evolution and has been preserved almost unchanged. In addition, we develop an adaptable (adaptive) immune defensethat protects us even more specifically from pathogens. It is estimated that about 90 percent of all infections can be recognized and successfully fought by the innate immune defense.

The components of the immune system are:

1. Mechanical barriers that are intended to prevent pathogens from entering (e.g., nasal mucosa).
2. Cells, such as granulocytes, natural killer cells (NK cells)orT lymphocytesThey are partially grouped into specialized organs (→ Lymphatic system).
3. Proteins that serve as messengers or for defense against pathogens.
4. Psychological immune factors.
5. Intestinal infection defense through present bacteria (intestinal flora), transport function through constant emptying, and the so-called gut-associated immune system (GALT = Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue) and antibacterial proteins.

A macrophage takes up an antigen to then present it to a T helper cell. This then initiates the adaptive immune response.

Macrophages (giant phagocytic cells) also form part of the immune system's patrol. Macrophages mature from monocytes (mononuclear white blood cells = mononuclear leukocytesthat leave the bloodstream. Macrophages reside in the tissue, where they recognize and phagocytize invading pathogens. If the pathogens cannot be fought by macrophages alone, macrophages can activate the adaptive immune defense. To do this, the captured parts of the pathogens inside the macrophages are broken down into individual peptides (epitopes) and presented on the surface by MHC-II molecules.

The antigens can only be recognized by T helper cells, which then initiate an adaptive immune response that ultimately leads to the destruction of the pathogen.

Macrophages also play a decisive role in combating and eliminating harmful substances and waste products (such as tar from cigarette smoke in the lungs), which is why they are occasionally referred to as the "body's garbage collectors.

 

Natural killer cells  

NK cells are the first line of defense in the fight against infections and cancer because they can destroy infected cells without having been in contact with the pathogen itself beforehand. If a cell is infected by viruses or transforms into a tumor cell, the recognition feature of a healthy cell is lost on the surface. The diseased cell is killed by the killer cell.

T helper cells   

T lymphocytes, also called T cells, originate in the bone marrow from lymphoblasts and migrate to the Thymuswhere they mature (hence the T, for thymus-dependent). T cells carry a T-cell receptor on their surface, with which each T cell can recognize a specific antigen(lock-and-key principle). The T helper cells coordinate the immune response. Diseased cells cause the T helper cell to divide and release its messengers, which cause the infected or diseased cell to die (a process called apoptosisprogrammed cell death).

B lymphocytes 

B-cells transforms after contact with antigenes to a plasma cellthat creates specific antibodies B lymphocytes also belong to the leukocytes (white blood cells). The term "B cells" originally referred to their formation site in the Bursa Fabricii in birds. In mammals, B cells, like all other immune cells, originate in the bone marrow.Unlike T cells, B cells are able to recognize free antigens and eliminate them in an immune reaction; they develop an immune memory.

 

Humoral components  

The humoral components of the immune system (from Latin "humor" meaning fluid) refer to various plasma proteinsthat circulate passively in the blood, lymph, and tissue fluid. Unlike immune cells, they are not able to actively migrate to the site of an infection.

What damages the immune system?  

1. Nicotine, with every puff of smoke, we absorb 10^14 free radicals through the lung mucosa, which damage our immune system.
2. Excessive alcohol consumption (more than 70g alcohol/week for men, more than 30g alcohol/week for women)
3. Excessive sugar consumption (more than 8g white sugar)
4. Cell aging, from the age of 40, the size and activity of the thymus decrease so much that the frequency of diseases increases.
5. Malnutrition (fast food)
6. Exposure to environmental toxins
7. Effects of ionizing and terrestrial radiation (long flights)
8. Persistent stress,
9. Reduced sleep duration
10. Lack of exercise

How can you strengthen the immune system or what can you do? bzw. Was kann man tun?  

Use antioxidants from food such as vitamins C, E, and carotenoids, as well as various minerals and amino acids. In addition, the body produces antioxidants such as glutathione, coenzyme Q10, and uric acid. Antioxidants easily donate an electron, thus neutralizing free radicals and also preventing chain reactions. They are consumed in the reaction.

A stool analysis provides information about the natural microbial colonization, reveals dysbiosis, and makes statements about the immune system of the intestine. Strengthen the thymus gland with thymus injections.

Laughter and positive thinking strengthen the immune system via the neural axis of the brain.

We are happy to advise you.